Development of English Lit During Any One Period Essay Example for Free

Development of incline Lit During Any One gunpoint EssayTrace the development of face lit during every one utter well-nighAs part of your discussion sidle up how signifi corporationt events in the influence the writingAddition tout ensembley show how characteristics of the genre the writer uses reflects the out hump in which it was written. James Arthur Baldwin formerly stated that know from whence you came. If you know whence you came, there are absolutely no limitations to where you can go. This quotation may apply to the span of the Anglo-Saxon period because of the coherent linkage to the origination of the incline dialect and the modernization of English Literature. Over the years English literature has evolved greatly. thither have been various(a) changes to the structure and development of English language since the advent of Old English dialect during the Anglo-Saxon period to what we now speak and consider to be English language. Old English is not uniform. I t consists of various dialects, besides literature needs to treat it as a language (Michael Delahoyde.)Research has proven that around the public there are over one hundred (100) variants of English, from different American-English dialects, to those of Asia, Africa and Oceana. It is important for one to know twain the origin of this all-powerful masterpiece kn knowledge as the English Language and the importance of this literary period to the development of English literature. In attempting to do the aforementioned, the focus forget be on the Anglo-Saxon tidy sum, their parliamentary law, culture, and literary work with a view towards highlighting the impact on the development of the English language and English literature. The Anglo-Saxon or Old English period goes from the invasion of Celtic Eng put d make in the offshoot one-half of the fifth century (AD 700) up till the conquest in 1066 by William of Normandy. The Anglo-Saxons consisted of diverse ethnicity that forms o ne nation. There were three main ethnic groups that formed the Anglo-Saxon. These are Angles from Angel in South-West Denmark, Saxon from northwest Germany, and Jute from Jutland in Central Denmark.These three main ethnic groups have made up most of the Anglo-Saxon society. However smaller group of people from Germanic ethnic group were also associated with the Anglo-Saxons. These people shared the same language but were each ruled by different strong warriors who invaded and conquered Britain fleck the Romans were still in control. The Angles and the Saxon tribe being the largest of the groups when attacking other ethnic groups were often called the Anglo-Saxons. England which actor the Land of the Angles was a name given after the Anglo-Saxon. A writer describes them as A warrior society that put swords and shields before fancy artifacts. Helmets were placed before gold and death before dishonour. The Anglo-Saxon was a pagan society and the people were initially free however, l ife for even the richest of the social groups was very hard. The Anglo-Saxon society had three social classes. There was an fastness-class, middle class and a lower class. The Anglo-Saxon upper class was the Thanes. They would give gifts like weapons to their followers and they enjoyed hunting and feasting.The churls were the middle class in the Anglo-Saxon Society. few churls were wealthy people while more or less were very poor. The lower class was slaves called Thralls. The churls and the Thanes were owners of Land. However, some churls had to rent land from a Thane. They would then work the Thane land for part of the week and give him part of their crops in commuting for rent. The basis of society was the free peasant. However in time Anglo-Saxon churls began to lose their freedom. They became increa humly drug-addicted on their Lords and under their control (Tim Lambert.) Researches have indicated that most Anglo-Saxons were primitive subsistence farmers. It has also being proven that some of the men were craftsmen. The farmers grew wheat, barley, peas, cabbage, carrots, rye and parsnip. They reared animals such as pigs, cattle and flocks of sheep. The craftsmen were blacksmith, bronze smith, jewelers and potters.Their homes were made with wood and have thatched roofs. Anglo-Saxon society was decidedly patriarchal, but women were in some miens better off than they would be in later times. A woman could own property in her own right. She could and did rule a earth if her husband died. She could not be married without her consent and any psycheal goods, including lands that she brought into a marriage remained her own property. If she were injured or abused in her marriage her relatives were expected to look after her interests (David Ross.) The women were responsible for founding of grains, baking of bread, brewing of beer, making of butter and cheese. During this era it was dangerous to give-up the ghost thus, most people would travel only if i t was unavoidable. If possible they would travel by water along the coast or along the river. During the earlier Anglo-Saxon period England was a very different place from what it is at once. The human population was very small.They grew their own food and made their own clothes The lord and kin had the strongest ties in the Anglo-Saxon society. The ties of loyalty were to the person of a lord. There was no real concept of patriotism or loyalty to a cause. Kings could not, just in exceptional circumstances, make new laws. Their role instead was to uphold and clarify previous custom. The first act of a conquering king was often to assure his subjects that he would uphold their ancient privileges, laws, and custom (David Ross.) One of the most famous kings during the Anglo-Saxon period was Ethelberht, king of Kent (reigned c.560-616). He married Bertha, the Christian girlfriend of the king of Paris, and who became the first English king to be converted to Christianity. Ethelberhts law code was the first to be written in any Germanic language and included 90 laws. His influence extended twain north and south of the river Humber his nephew became king of the East Saxons. (The Royal Household) Kinship was very important in the Anglo-Saxon society. If you were killed your relatives would avenge you. If one of your relatives were killed you were expected to avenge them.However the law did offer an alternative. If you killed or injured somebody you could give way them or their family compensation. This led to bloody and extensive feuds. The money paid was called wergild and it set a monetary measure out on each persons life according to their wealth and social status. The wergild for killing a thane was overmuch more than that for killing a churl. Thralls or slaves had no wergild. If the wergild was not paid the relatives were entitled to seek revenge. The wergild value could also be used to set the fine payable if a person was injured or offended against. Ro bbing a thane called for a higher penalty than robbing a churl. On the other hand, a thane who thieves could pay a higher fine than a churl who did likewise. The Anglo-Saxons enjoyed storytelling, riddles and games. Most Anglo-Saxon metrical composition emerges from an oral tradition and was meant for entertainment. These works include genres such as epos poetry, hagiography, sermons, Bible translations, legal works, chronicles, riddles, and others.Poets were known as Scops and harpists Gleemen. They would sing or recite and were the only historians of the time. The poetic structure was based on accent and alliteration (not frost and meter). The minstrels and gleemen would entertain the lord and his men by singing and playing the harp. Michael Delahoyde from Washington State University stated in an argument that We get our syntax from the Anglo-Saxons, our preference for and greater ease with nouns, the tendencies to simplify grammar and shorten words, and the law of recessionary accent the tendency to place the accent on the first syllable and to slur over subsequent syllables. The meter Beowulf, which has achieved national epic status in England and Judith, are among the most important works of this period. Other literary works such as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle are significant to the study of the era, as it provides preserving chronology of early English history, while the meter Cdmons hymn to date survives as the oldest extant work of literature in English. Researchers have suggested that there are twelve known medieval poets as most Old English poets are anonymous.Only four of those are known by their vernacular works to us today with any certainty Caedmon, the Venerable Bede, Alfred the Great, and Cynewulf. Of these, only Caedmon, Bede, and Alfred the Great have known biographies. The epic Beowulf reflects the era that it was written in greatly as it speaks immensely about pagan deities, a Christian tradition and about a warrior society. A writer de scribes it as the symbol of the antiquity and continuity of English poetry. Several features of Beowulf folktale and the awareness of sorrow for the passing of groundly things mark it as elegiacThe Germanic tribal society is then central to Beowulf. The tribal lord was to ideals of extraordinary martial valor (David Damrosch, pg 27). The poet careful use of varied themes and techniques such as alliterations as a structural principle (pg27), litotes, compound words, repetitions, nobility, heroic glory and distribution of gifts highlighted the way and life of the people of that era. Beowulf highlighted the Christian traditional beliefs of the Anglo-Saxons people by pin pointing the beliefs that God is the creator of all things and the ruler of the heavens.Throughout Beowulf, whenever any great men manage to achieve heroic feats, the narrator will be careful to attribute their prowess to Gods favor and divine plan. He knew what they had toiled, the long times and troubles theyd come through without a leader so the Lord of Life, the glorious Almighty, made this man renowned. (Beowulf 12-17) Beowulf complex spectral background reflected the era of the Anglo-Saxon people. The description of the creation shows an unusual mishmash with the pagan imagery of the demonic beast Grendel and the Christian imagery of a caring God that creates all things. Then a powerful demon, a prowler through the dark, nursed a hard grievance. It harrowed him to hear the din of the loud junketeer every day in the hall, the harp being struck and the clear song of a trained poet telling with mastery of mans beginnings, how the Almighty had made the earth a gleaming plain girdled with waters in His splendour He set the sun and the moon to be earths lamplight, lanterns for men, and filled the broad lap of the world with branches and leaves and quickened life in every other thing that moved. (86-98).Beowulf invokes the values of the warrior society of the Anglo- Saxon period in several w ays. During the Anglo-Saxon period the relationship between the warrior and his lord consisted of mutual trust loyalty, and respect. There was a symbolic importance of spiritual materials which entails giving of honour/worth, and the value of ultimate achievements which was a visible certainty that all parties are realizing themselves to the fullest in a spiritual sense. These values are all highlighted in the epic Beowulf. Beowulf also reflected the value of kinsmen to exact wergild (man-price) or to take vengeance for their kinsmens death. The need to take vengeance created timeless feuds, bloodshed, a vast web of reprisals and counter-reprisals (a strong sense of doom).These aspects of the Anglo-Saxon warrior society was highlighted in a black evil aspect one of such was Grendel and the dragon in undertaking to slay Grendel, and later Grendels mother, Beowulf is examination his relationship with unknowable destiny. Whether he lives or dies, he will have done all that any warri or would do during that period. The oldest surviving vernacular text in English is called Hymn and was written by Caedmon who is best-known and considered the father of Old English poetry. This poem is an example of pagan and Christian fusion in state to promote Christian themes in a pagan society. Caedmons hymn is recorded in Bedes Historia Ecclesiastica, and marks the beginning of tremendous developments inwardly textual transmission and the heroic genre itself. Caedmons Hymn may be regarded as an early forerunner of the dream vision narrative.This style of poetry is formulated by an individual who has experienced a dreamlike revelation within which they are point by an authoritative figure in Caedmons case this figure being God. The hero discussed within the poem is perhaps unconventional in modern terms, but just as the Gods of classical literature were seen as heroes within their cultural context, so too does the Christian God in Caedmons Hymn represent a hero to the people of Caedmons culture. The poem features heavy use of stylistic features prototypical of Anglo-Saxon poetry. (Tiarnan O Sullivan.) Caedmon had lived at the abbey of Whitby in Northumbria in the 7th century. Only a single nine-line poem remains. Now let us praise the Guardian of the Kingdom of HeavenWorks CitedThe Anglo-Saxon Kings. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. http//www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensofEngland/TheAnglo-Saxonkings/Overview.aspx. Anglo-Saxon Poetry. New World Encyclopedia. N.p., 11 Oct. 2012. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. http//www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Anglo-Saxon_Poetry. Baldwin, James A. contend from Whence You Came. If You Know Whence You Came, There Are Absolutely No Limitations to Where You Can Go.. Goodreads. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. http//www.goodreads.com/quotes/14373-know-from-whence-you-came-if-you-know-whence-you. Beowulf. Beowulf. Georgetown University, n.d. Web. 29 Nov. 2012. http//www.eng.fju.edu.tw/iacd_99F/medieval_lit/data/Beowu lf.htm. Damrosch, David. Beowulf. The Longman Anthology of British Literature.